12/21/2023 0 Comments Amphetamine half lifeThis has led to an interest in evaluating the potential role of neural systems, such as the endogenous system and its link to dopamine's (DA) action in the treatment of psychostimulants. In recent years there has been a growing body of evidence that psychostimulant drugs modulate the endogenous opioid system in the brain regions with high dopaminergic input ( Wang and McGinty, 1995 Fagergren et al, 2003). More specifically, a Cochrane review showed that there has been a lack of controlled clinical trials for amphetamine-dependence pharmacotherapy ( Srisurapanont et al, 2001). The emergence and spread of amphetamine abuse has closely followed that of the cocaine epidemic in the 1980s, however research on medication development for the former has just begun ( Vocci and Ling, 2005). drug users in Sweden abuse amphetamine (mostly racemic amphetamine) pushing this disorder to the forefront of psychiatric problems, which in addition to the concomitant increases in medical and social consequences makes this a significant public health concern ( CAN, 2001). An estimated 35 million persons are reported to abuse amphetamines, which is more than the total number of cocaine and heroin abusers combined ( Vocci and Ling, 2005). The potential of naltrexone as an adjunct pharmaceutical for amphetamine dependence is promising.Īmphetamine addiction is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The results suggest that the subjective effects of amphetamine could be modulated via the endogenous opioid system. There was no difference between the groups on the physiological measures. Pretreatment with naltrexone also significantly blocked the craving for dexamphetamine ( p<0.001). Naltrexone significantly attenuated the subjective effects produced by dexamphetamine in dependent patients ( p<0.001). The secondary objective was to investigate the effects of naltrexone on physiological and biochemical responses to amphetamine, as measured by changes in blood pressure, heart rate, skin conductance, and cortisol. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with naltrexone on the subjective response to amphetamine, using a Visual Analog Scale. Patients received naltrexone/amphetamine followed by placebo/amphetamine, 1 week apart in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled design. In the present study we assessed the effects of naltrexone, an opioid antagonist (50 mg) on the subjective physiological and biochemical response to dexamphetamine (30 mg) in 20 amphetamine-dependent patients. There is evidence from preclinical studies suggesting that the endogenous opioid system plays a role in mediating some of the behavioral and neurochemical effects of amphetamine in a variety of controlled settings. Although some of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying amphetamine dependence and its devastating effects in humans are known, the development of rational and evidence-based treatment is lagging. Amphetamine abuse and dependence is a global health concern with a collateral increase in medical and social problems.
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